cbdc and cryptocurrency Reviews

The Brazilian central bank raised its benchmark interest rate to 12.25% for the third time this year. On the 11th, local time, the Monetary Policy Committee of the Brazilian central bank announced that it had decided to raise its benchmark interest rate to 12.25%, which is the third time that the Brazilian central bank raised interest rates this year. Brazil's central bank said that the interest rate hike was affected by international uncertainties and Brazil's domestic economic policies, and it is expected that the benchmark interest rate will be raised again in January and March next year. Since August last year, the Brazilian central bank cut interest rates seven times in a row, stopped cutting interest rates in June this year, and then raised the benchmark interest rate three times in a row. After this adjustment, Brazil's benchmark interest rate at the end of 2024 was the same as that at the end of 2023, which was 12.25%. The latest "Focus" bulletin of the Brazilian central bank raised the expected inflation rate to 4.84% in 2024, which is higher than the upper limit of the country's inflation rate management target of 4.5% from 2024 to 2026.The USD/CHF broke through the 0.8900 mark, and the latest price was 0.8901, up 0.67% in the day.The Dow Jones Industrial Average broke through the 44,000.00 mark, and the latest report was 43,999.94, down 0.34% in the day.

Precious metal futures continued to fall, and the main contract of Shanghai Bank fell by nearly 2%, and it is now reported at 7798 yuan/kg; The main contract of Shanghai Gold fell by nearly 1% and is now reported at 623.08 yuan/gram.The Israeli army issued evacuation orders to several blocks in Gaza City, Gaza. On the afternoon of 12th local time, the IDF issued an evacuation warning to several blocks in Gaza City, Gaza, asking residents in relevant blocks to evacuate as soon as possible. In a statement, the Israeli army claimed that militants in Hamas fired rockets from these neighborhoods at Israeli troops fighting in the Gaza earlier that day.Expert: The Central Economic Work Conference has determined that the tone of monetary policy in 2025 is "moderately loose". Dong Ximiao, the chief researcher of Zhaolian and a part-time researcher at the Institute of Finance of Fudan University, believes that the Central Economic Work Conference has determined that the tone of monetary policy in 2025 is "moderately loose" not only because of the analysis of the current economic situation, but also because of the full consideration of external uncertainties and the planning of economic work next year. Looking forward to the follow-up, in 2025, moderately loose monetary policy can continue to exert its strength in three aspects, which is more forward-looking, effective and targeted. First, it is necessary to intensify counter-cyclical and cross-cyclical adjustment, make pre-adjustment in an unconventional way, let policy adjustment go ahead of the market curve, help the macro economy smooth out cyclical fluctuations and external shocks, and show forward-looking; Second, continue to reduce the RRR and interest rates. In 2025, the RRR can be lowered by 0.5 percentage points, the policy interest rate will be lowered by 50 basis points, and the LPR will be reduced by 25 basis points, thus ensuring more abundant liquidity in the total amount, moderately reducing costs and enhancing effectiveness; Third, make good use of the existing structural monetary policy tools, create new tools when necessary, enrich the "eighteen martial arts" in the toolbox, guide and support financial institutions to do the "five major articles", especially increase support for scientific and technological innovation, green development, consumer finance, etc., and reflect pertinence. (Xinhua Finance)

The Israeli army said that the Hamas stronghold was not attacked by humanitarian vehicles. On the 12th local time, the Israel Defense Forces issued a statement saying that the Israeli army had "targeted" the two strongholds of Palestinian Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) militants in the south of the Gaza Strip the night before. The statement accused Hamas militants of moving along the route of transporting humanitarian aid in the south of the Gaza Strip, saying that the purpose of the Israeli army's actions was to make humanitarian aid safely reach the residents in the Gaza Strip. The statement stressed that the Israeli army did not attack the humanitarian aid truck. The official Palestinian news agency "Wafa" said on the 12th that Israeli forces bombed Rafah in the southern Gaza, killing 13 people. The medical staff in Rafah said that these people were protecting the aid trucks that arrived in the city, but they were attacked by Israeli troops.The yield of 2/10-year German bonds rose by about 8 basis points at most. At the end of the European market on Thursday (December 12), the yield of German 10-year government bonds rose by 7.8 basis points to 2.205%, which was in a rising state for most of the day. It was as low as 2.123% at 21:56 Beijing time (shortly after the press conference of European Central Bank President Lagarde began, before the US stock market closed), and then rebounded. The yield of two-year German bonds rose by 7.3 basis points, reaching a new high of 2.204%, which was 1.915% lower than the new low of 21:43 (after the European Central Bank announced the third interest rate cut in the year, after the release of American PPI and before the start of Lagarde's press conference). The yield of 30-year German bonds rose by 6.9 basis points to 2.445%, which was on the rise all day. The yield spread of 2/10-year German bonds rose by 0.838 basis points to +18.116 basis points, and rose to +20.614 basis points at 21:43. British 10-year bond yields rose by 4.6 basis points, and two-year British bond yields rose by 2.3 basis points. The yield spread of 2/10-year British bonds rose by 2.311 basis points to +8.709 basis points.President of the European Central Bank: The euro zone economy continues to be weak and is still preparing to cut interest rates further. On December 12, local time, after the European Central Bank announced its decision to cut all three key interest rates by 25 basis points, President Lagarde of the European Central Bank subsequently held a press conference. She said that the Governing Council of the European Central Bank unanimously agreed to cut interest rates by 25 basis points, mainly based on the latest assessment of the current inflationary pressure, future prospects and the transmission degree of monetary policy to the real economy. On the same day, the European Central Bank also released the latest macroeconomic forecast, further lowering its expectations for economic growth in the euro zone. Lagarde said that poor economic development and continued weakness are worrying. She said that trade friction may drag down economic growth, and extensive geopolitical development is one of the upward risks of inflation. In view of the fact that the current economic growth in the euro zone is hit by domestic political instability in various countries, especially large economies such as Germany and France, and may face the threat of punitive tariffs imposed by US President-elect Trump, the European Central Bank is still preparing to cut interest rates further. Lagarde said that the ECB Council is determined to ensure that inflation is sustainable and stable at the medium-term target of 2%. The next interest rate decision is scheduled for January 30, 2025.